Exercise 4.45.  With the grammar given above, the following sentence can 
be parsed in five different ways: ``The professor lectures to the 
student in the class with the cat.'' Give the five parses and explain 
the differences in shades of meaning among them.

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Suppressing some of the noise of the full parse tree, the five ways are:

sentence
  the professor
  lectures
    to the student
      in the class
        with the cat

The professor is lecturing to the student who happens to be in the class 
which has the cat.

sentence
  the professor
  lectures
    to the student
      in the class
      with the cat

The student is in the class, and has the cat, but the cat isn't in the 
class.

sentence
  the professor
  lectures
    to the student
      in the class
    with the cat

The student is in the class.  The professor is lecturing with the cat.

sentence
  the professor
  lectures
    to the student
    in the class
      with the cat

The professor is lecturing, in the class that has the cat, to the 
student.

sentence
  the professor
  lectures
    to the student
    in the class
    with the cat

The professor is in the class, with the cat, lecturing to the student.