1.10) Solving the first by substitution: (A 1 10) (A 0 (A 1 9)) (A 0 (A 0 (A 1 8) (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 1 7)))) ... (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 1 1)))))))))) (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 2))))))))) (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 4)))))))) (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 8))))))) (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 16)))))) (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 32))))) (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 64)))) (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 128))) (A 0 (A 0 256)) (A 0 512) 1024 The second: (A 2 4) (A 1 (A 2 3)) (A 1 (A 1 (A 2 2))) (A 1 (A 1 (A 1 (A 2 1)))) (A 1 (A 1 (A 1 2))) (A 1 (A 1 (A 0 (A 1 1)))) (A 1 (A 1 (A 0 2))) (A 1 (A 1 4)) (A 1 (A 0 (A 1 3))) (A 1 (A 0 (A 0 (A 1 2)))) (A 1 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 1 1))))) (A 1 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 2)))) (A 1 (A 0 (A 0 4))) (A 1 (A 0 8)) (A 1 8) (A 0 (A 1 7)) ... (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 1 1)))))))) (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 2))))))) ... 256 The third: (A 3 3) (A 2 (A 3 2)) (A 2 (A 2 (A 3 1))) (A 2 (A 2 2)) (A 2 (A 1 (A 2 1))) (A 2 (A 1 2)) (A 2 (A 0 (A 1 1))) (A 2 (A 0 2)) (A 2 4) (A 1 (A 2 3)) (A 1 (A 1 (A 2 2))) (A 1 (A 1 (A 1 (A 2 1)))) (A 1 (A 1 (A 1 2))) (A 1 (A 1 (A 0 (A 1 1)))) (A 1 (A 1 (A 0 2))) (A 1 (A 1 4)) (A 1 (A 0 (A 1 3))) (A 1 (A 0 (A 0 (A 1 2)))) ... (A 1 (A 0 (A 0 4))) (A 1 16) (A 0 (A 1 15)) (A 0 (A 0 (A 1 14))) ... (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 1 1)))))))))))))))) (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 2))))))))))))))) ... (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 (A 0 2048))))) 4096 8192 16384 32768 65536 The functions defined give: f n = 2n g n = (A 1 n) = 2 * (A 1 n-1) = 2 ^ n h n = (A 2 n) = (A 1 (A 2 n-1)) = (A 1 (A 1 ... (A 2 1))) = (2 ^ (2 ^ (2 ^ ... (2))...)) for N 2s uh... actually this is wrong. (A 2 1) 2 (A 2 2) (A 1 (A 2 1)) 4